| Whole sample | No follow-up | Follow-up | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1377 | 260 | 1117 | Â |
Gender (female) | 58.7 | 53.1 | 60.0 | 0.042 |
Age, mean (SD) | 47.0 (13.5) | 45.0 (13.6) | 47.5 (13.5) | 0.008 |
Education (high vocational/ university) | 60.4 | 57.3 | 61.1 | 0.261 |
Radiating pain into the leg | 39.9 | 41.9 | 39.4 | 0.453 |
Radiating pins and needles | 27.0 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 0.848 |
Time since complaints 1st started | 11.4 (12.0) | 11.2 (11.7) | 11.4 (12.1) | 0.792 |
Duration of current episode (years) | 2.1 (4.8) | 2.4 (4.8) | 2.1 (4.8) | 0.423 |
SF-6D baseline score | 0.74 (0.11) | 0.75 (0.11) | 0.74 (0.11) | 0.691 |
ODI baseline score | 23.4 (15.7) | 24.6 (16.6) | 23.2 (15.5) | 0.265 |
Concomitant complaints present | 53.8 | 54.2 | 53.7 | 0.881 |
Pain avoidant | 70.9 | 72.8 | 70.5 | 0.490 |
Previous specialist visit | 62.1 | 57.3 | 63.2 | 0.078 |
Previous visit neurologist | 22.5 | 25.0 | 21.9 | 0.287 |
Previous visit orthopaedic surgeon | 21.2 | 23.1 | 20.8 | 0.413 |
Previous visit rehabilitation | 4.9 | 6.2 | 4.7 | 0.317 |
Previous visit pain clinic | 7.5 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 0.522 |
Medication (categorical)* | Â | Â | Â | 0.477 |
 None (ref.) | 32.8 | 28.8 | 33.8 |  |
 Rarely | 24.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 0.327 |
 Regularly not daily | 28.2 | 30.8 | 27.7 | 0.139 |
 Daily | 14.5 | 15.4 | 14.2 | 0.280 |
Previous physiotherapy* | Â | Â | Â | 0.987 |
 Treated no effect (ref.) | 64.6 | 65.0 | 64.5 |  |
 Treated effect | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 0.939 |
 Not treated | 28.8 | 28.5 | 28.9 | 0.875 |
Previous manual therapy* | Â | Â | Â | 0.899 |
 Treated no effect (ref.) | 28.8 | 29.2 | 28.7 |  |
 Treated effect | 6.4 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 0.649 |
 Not treated | 64.8 | 65.0 | 64.7 | 0.934 |
Previous chiropractic* | Â | Â | Â | 0.034 |
 Treated no effect (ref.) | 13.6 | 18.5 | 12.4 |  |
 Treated effect | 2.6 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 0.136 |
 Not treated | 83.8 | 79.6 | 84.4 | 0.013 |
Previous medication* | Â | Â | Â | 0.735 |
 Treated no effect (ref.) | 19.5 | 18.5 | 19.7 |  |
 Treated effect | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 0.440 |
 Tot treated | 77.7 | 78.1 | 77.6 | 0.691 |
Previous pain clinic* | Â | Â | Â | 0.046 |
 Treated no effect (ref.) | 6.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |  |
 Treated effect | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.015 |
 Not treated | 93.1 | 94.2 | 92.8 | 0.114 |
Previous surgery* | Â | Â | Â | 0.333 |
 Treated no effect (ref.) | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.7 |  |
 Treated effect | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.181 |
Tot treated | 96.3 | 97.3 | 96.1 | 0.829 |
Previous other treatment* | Â | Â | Â | 0.789 |
 Treated no effect (ref.) | 16.6 | 15.8 | 16.8 |  |
 Treated effect | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 0.783 |
 Not treated | 78.9 | 80.4 | 78.6 | 0.643 |
Work status* | Â | Â | Â | 0.126 |
 No work (ref.) | 22.3 | 22.7 | 22.3 |  |
 Not physical work | 51.6 | 46.5 | 52.6 | 0.423 |
 Physical work | 26.1 | 30.8 | 25.1 | 0.331 |
Type of treatment* | Â | Â | Â | 0.064 |
 Manual Medicine (MM, ref.) | 20.0 | 21.4 | 19.7 |  |
 Orthomanual Medicine (OMM) | 76.9 | 74.0 | 77.6 | 0.461 |
 Both MM and OMM | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.529 |
 Other treatment | 1.3 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 0.024 |
Number of treatment sessions | 3.4 (1.6) | 2.7 (1.6) | 3.5 (1.6) | 0.000 |
McKenzie | 14.2 | 12.6 | 14.6 | 0.434 |
Treated.differently | 4.4 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 0.428 |